The BioCaPPE (Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer/Prevention and Environment) study is a multicentre prospective observational cohort designed to identify biomarkers associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk that may be modifiable through lifestyle factors. This paper describes the cohort, along with the data and bio-samples available for future studies in PCa risk assessment.

Canadian men at risk of PCa were enrolled based on one of two criteria (1) negative first prostate biopsy within 6 months from enrolment (Group 1); or (2) a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood level between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL without prior prostate biopsy (Group 2). At baseline, blood samples and comprehensive data were collected. PCa incidence and lifestyle factors were updated for all participants over 2 years, with extended follow-up for those who provided additional consent.

Recruitment was conducted across four health centres in Quebec, Canada. A total of 2053 men were enrolled—1499 in Group 1 and 554 in Group 2. All participants completed the initial visit, which included collection of medical and family history, anthropometric measurements, demographic information, dietary and alcohol intake, physical activity, tobacco use, medication use, and quality of life assessments, and candidate biomarker measurements. At the 2-year mark, 7.2% of participants had developed PCa; this figure has since increased to 15.3% (median follow-up: 6.1 years). Additionally, 84% (n=1718) consented to ongoing annual follow-up.

This large, prospective cohort of men at risk of PCa offers valuable resources for risk stratification and primary prevention. The BioCaPPE biosamples and data are available to support the identification of lifestyle-related biomarkers associated with PCa risk in this population.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03383016.

Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has emerged as a major public health concern. We aimed to estimate the 1-year incidence of PCC in adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Lombardy, Italy, comparing community-managed and hospitalised patients and to assess the prognostic value of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) score to support estimation of long-term PCC prevalence.

Retrospective-prospective observational cohort study enrolling patients infected between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2022. The study visit was conducted between 16 January and 23 December 2024.

Multicentre study involving seven public hospitals and general practitioners across Lombardy.

Randomly sampled adults aged 18–70 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hospitalised patients (HP) were admitted for COVID-19; general practitioner patients (GPP) were managed in the community. The total sample comprised: 1162 (546 HP, 616 GPP).

This is an observational study with no active intervention.

Primary outcome: 1-year incidence of PCC retrospectively assessed at the study visit.

Secondary outcomes: symptom profiles, long-term PCC prevalence at the study visit and predictive value of the NIH RECOVER score.

Median age was 57.1 years in HP and 42.9 years in GPP; 66.1% of HP and 47.7% of GPP were male. PCC developed in 280 patients (223 HP, 57 GPP). The 1-year cumulative incidence was 39.9% in HP (95% CI 35.9% to 44.1%) and 9.1% in GPP (95% CI 7.1% to 11.7%). The NIH RECOVER score was associated with PCC at 1 year (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.21). Model-based long-term PCC prevalence was 31.8% in HP and 6.3% in GPP.

PCC remained frequent and heterogeneous, particularly among previously HP. In this cohort, the NIH RECOVER score showed prognostic value for estimating longer-term PCC burden. These findings underscore the need for structured long-term follow-up across both hospital and primary care settings.