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by Jiao Zhu, Min Yang, Cuiying Zhou, Houyong Kang, Deping Wang
BackgroundTo evaluate the global, regional, and national burdens of and trends in age-related and other hearing loss (ARoHL) from 1990–2021 based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database.
MethodsThis study examined trends and disparities in the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of patients with ARoHL across age, sex, and the sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess temporal trends. Decomposition analysis, cross-country inequality analysis, and frontier analysis were employed to reveal additional facets of the ARoHL burden, whereas Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) modeling projected future trends to 2040.
ResultsARoHL remains a critical public health challenge. The global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) increased significantly from 1.71 (95% UI: 1.63–1.80) ×10⁴ to 1.81 (95% UI: 1.73–1.89) ×10⁴ per 100,000 (EAPC = 0.163; 95% CI: 0.154–0.172), whereas the age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) increased from 499.37 to 525.87 per 100,000 (EAPC = 0.171; 95% CI: 0.161–0.180). Decomposition analysis revealed that epidemiological changes contributed 37.28% to the increase in YLDs. Globally and across all five SDI regions without age distinction, the male ASPR and ASYR were consistently greater than the female ASPR and ASYR at all time points. The relationship between the SDI and ARoHL burden is complex. BAPC projections indicate stable ASPRs and ASYRs through 2040 despite increasing cases and YLDs.
ConclusionsThe global ASPR of ARoHL increased by 5.63% and that of ASYR increased by 5.31% from 1990–2021, with the number of cases and YLDs doubling. Targeted interventions and policies must address this growing public health challenge.
by Xin Zhang, Zijian Xi, Min Yang, Xiuqin Zhang, Ruikai Wu, Shuang Li, Lu Pan, Yuan Fang, Peng Lv, Yan Ma, Haiping Duan, Bingling Wang, Kunzheng Lv
BackgroundIt is crucial to comprehend the interplay between air pollution and meteorological conditions in relation to population health within the framework of "dual-carbon" targets. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intricate environmental factors, encompassing both meteorological conditions and atmospheric pollutants, on respiratory disease (RD) mortality in Qingdao, a representative coastal city in China.
MethodsThe RD mortality cases were collected from the Chronic Disease Surveillance Monitoring System in Qingdao during Jan 1st, 2014 and Dec 31st, 2020. The distributed-lag nonlinear model and generalized additivity model were used to assess the association between daily mean temperature (DMT), air pollutant exposure and RD mortality. To ascertain the robustness of the model and further investigate this relationship, a stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to mitigate potential confounding factors.
ResultsA total of 19,905 mortalities from RD were recorded. The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) was determined to be 23.5°C, and DMT and RD mortality showed an N-shaped relationship. At the MMT of 23.5°C, the cumulative relative risk (cumRR) for mortality within a lag period of 0–14 days from the highest temperature (31°C) was estimated at 2.114 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.475 ~ 3.028). The effect value of particulate matter (PM) also increased with a longer cumulative lag time. In the single pollutant model, the highest risk of RD mortality was observed on the lag1-day of per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, with an excess risk ratio (ER) of 0.847% (95% CI: 0.335% ~ 1.362%). The largest cumulative effect was found at a lag of 8 days, with an ER of 1.546% (95% CI: 0.483% ~ 2.621%). A similar trend was found for PM10. For O3 exposure, the highest risk was observed on the lag1-day of per 10 μg/m3 increase, with an ER of 1.073% (95% CI: 0.502% ~ 1.647%), and the largest cumulative effect occurred at a lag of 2 days with an ER of 1.113% (95%CI: 0.386% ~ 1.844%). Results from the dual-pollutants model demonstrated that the effect of PM on the risk of RD mortality remained significant and slightly increased in magnitude. Moreover, composite pollutants exhibited a higher risk effect, reaching its peak after one week; however, there was a decrease in single-day cumulative effects as more pollutant types were included. Subgroup analysis showed that females, elderly individuals, and those exposed during warm seasons demonstrated greater susceptibility to PM exposure.
ConclusionThe present study revealed a significant association between short-term exposure to high temperature, PM2.5, PM10 and O3 and the risk of RD mortality in Qingdao, even in dual- and composite-pollutants models. Furthermore, our findings indicate that females, the elderly population, and warm seasons exhibit heightened sensitivity to PM exposure.
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