Congenital heart defects in infants are the commonest congenital abnormality but even critical lesions can be difficult to identify clinically in the first days after birth during the period of physiological transition and while the ductus arteriosus remains patent (Wren et al., 2008). Accordingly, clinical assessment of newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) within the first 24 h often yields normal findings (Abu-Harb et al., 1994; Saxena et al., 2015). Failure to make an early diagnosis of critical CHD leads to clinical compromise prior to infants receiving major surgery and is associated with increased infant mortality (Eckersley et al., 2016; Franklin et al., 2002).
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in gestational diabetes mellitus ranges from 10.2% to 39.9% based on previous studies in Malaysia. Presence of depression, anxiety or stress in pregnancy may increase the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of neonatal outcomes and its association among mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus with and without the presence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Malaysia.
To investigate labour duration in different phases of labour when adhering to Zhang's guideline for labour progression compared with the WHO partograph.